Getting into a nap routine and bedtime routine with your baby is essential as a new parent. Figuring out how to lull them to sleep takes time to establish. All babies respond differently to soothing techniques. In the newborn stage, babies adjust to life outside of the womb, which looks quite different from the snuggly space they were in for nine months. This is why I recommend doing your best to replicate that environment for the first few months of life and find what works best for your baby.
For many of us, these are the moments we longed for before we met our babies and the memories we cherish as they get older. But what happens when your baby wants the snuggling to last all night? Or when they refuse to sleep unless pressed against your chest? Or when your baby cries as soon as you set them down in the crib, or the middle of the night when they realize you aren’t there?
Teaching Your Baby to Self-Soothe
While this is normal, and it makes sense (why would you want to sleep in a crib when you can sleep on a mom who is warm and snuggly), it isn’t always sustainable, especially in the middle of the night when you are exhausted or during the day when you are trying to get things done. This is often when parents take to Google to figure out how to teach their baby to self-soothe, a term used frequently when referring to sleep training or sleep coaching.
What is self-soothing?
The term self-soothing concerning infants and sleep is understood as something that needs to be taught to babies so they can learn to put themselves to sleep initially and back to sleep during wake-ups. The concept of self-soothing is to promote independence so that parents don’t need to respond to every wake-up during naps or in the middle of the night and at the onset of sleep at night. Self-soothing would ideally eliminate the need for a parent or caregiver to go in and offer assistance. As you can imagine, it is strongly linked with crying as a means to do this.
Interestingly enough, what we consider self-soothing for toddlers and adults is quite different. According to the Gottman Institute, self-soothing is an essential skill for everyone to have. But the steps they recommend taking to self-soothe require deep breaths, body awareness, meditation, and code words. These are all things that an infant wouldn’t be capable of applying.
Teaching your baby to sleep independently sounds lovely in theory. But there are a few misconceptions about how to promote self-soothing and when it is appropriate to focus on this skill.
When can babies self-soothe?
Quite possibly, the biggest misconception about self-soothing is that there is a specific age babies should be taught this. Parents are often told that their child is ready to self-soothe and can retain this skill by four months. In actuality, there is not a specific age at which babies can self-regulate. Instead, whether a baby can or can’t self-soothe primarily depends on their temperament.
I often see that babies who are even-tempered and mellow show signs of self-regulation fairly early on. These are the babies that you see will hang out in their crib, roll around, or play with their hair. They babble to themselves when they get older, seeming to have a grand old time. These babies may naturally start sleeping through the night or wake up and go back to sleep independently, with little teaching or training.
But many babies also show no signs of this well into later infancy, and possibly not until 12 months of age or later. For these babies, self-soothing might seem near impossible. Most of the time, they simply aren’t developmentally ready to do this. According to one study that examined infant nighttime waking behaviors, researchers found that “[y]ounger infants tended to require parental intervention at night to return to sleep, whereas older infants exhibited a greater proportion of self-soothing after nighttime awakenings. However, even in the 12-month-old group, 50% of infants typically required parental intervention to get back to sleep after waking.”
Temperament and Developmental Readiness Matters
Temperament and developmental readiness are the key factors that should be considered when parents decide whether to teach their baby to self-soothe. Parents can determine this by paying close attention to the self-soothing behaviors their child already exhibits. These behaviors include thumb sucking, moving their head from side to side, playing with their feet, using the pacifier, re-positioning, babbling, etc. Some infants may display these behaviors at 3.5 months. For others, it may be closer to 12 months. It is dependent on the individual child.
It is also important to note that infants typically do not engage in self-soothing behaviors when in distress but rather when they are in a calm state. The good news is that even if a child shows zero signs of self-regulation, there are things parents can do to try and encourage this. Just understand that it is a gradual process.
The Self-Soothing Baby
1. Wait until they’re calm.
While self-soothing is strongly linked to crying, there is no substantial evidence that crying teaches an infant how to soothe themselves. Because of this, many development experts (myself included) suggest that when helping a child learn to self-regulate, you do so when they are calm. You can do this during the nap or bedtime routine or awake windows by helping the child find their hand or finger to suck on, promoting the use of the pacifier, giving them a small lovey to play with (not sleep with), helping them find their hair and/or feet to play with, etc.
You show your baby that they have access to (safe) objects or body parts that can provide them with comfort by encouraging these things. The thing that is important to remember is that doing this takes time. It is generally a long process that can take weeks or months, depending on the child. Sometimes, simply introducing hand sucking can help a child fall asleep independently. More often than not, it takes a lot of consistency and repetition.
2. Respond to their cries.
Contrary to popular belief, responding to your baby when in distress (such as crying) will also help promote self-soothing later on. Many experts suggest that to help a child learn to self-soothe, you must give them your presence, affection, engage with them, and provide calm and empathy. So while it might seem like you aren’t promoting independence by responding to your baby’s cries, most development experts believe the opposite to be true.
As a mom of seven, I can speak to this with firsthand experience. I attribute our children’s ability to fall asleep and stay asleep on their own, partly to consistently responding to their cries using the “5S’s soothing methods” and helping them regulate. But I also know that parents are exhausted and may not be able to wait until their child shows signs of self-soothing. If your baby is waking all night long, and you are having to respond each time with no end in sight, there is hope for you!
3. Make sure other needs are met.
More often than not, when a child is waking frequently or struggling to get to sleep at the start of naps and/or bedtime, it is a sign that another area needs to be addressed. These areas include awake windows, sleep environment, routine, or nutrition.
For example, if you are putting your baby down past their natural sleep window, they are more than likely going to struggle to fall asleep. They’ll have an increase in cortisol and a decrease in melatonin which causes them to become overstimulated. Similarly, if your child’s environment is not sleep-promoting, this can cause difficulty falling and staying asleep.
So my recommendation is first to address these things and then start to consider ways you can help your child sleep independently. Focus on self-soothing if your child is developmentally ready. If you are unsure where to start, simply focus on one thing you can do today to help improve your child’s sleep habits.
Your child’s ability to self-soothe will develop once your child is ready and with some assistance over time. There are small steps you can take now to encourage this later on. In the meantime, know that it is okay to continue to respond to your baby in various ways. If you feel lost and unsure how to do that, a sleep coach may be an excellent option as you navigate this process with your baby.
